Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts - 751 Words

Organizational Behavior Organizations have been described as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. This definition clearly indicates that organizations are not buildings or pieces of machinery. Organizations are, indeed, people who interact to accomplish shared objectives. The study of organizational behavior (OB) and its affiliated subjects helps us understand what people think, feel and do in organizational settings. For managers and, realistically, all employees, this knowledge helps predict, understand and control organizational events. There are not two identical organizations. When you look for a job you look for a place that is comfortable to you. Organization behavior is the way we study the people of†¦show more content†¦At KPMG they have to go from a staff of 40 full-time employees to over 80 full and seasonal employees during tax season. If someone does not perform to the standards of the company then they will hold up the rest of the team. To process all of these tax returns for our clients takes teamwork. Each department has their duties to complete. When the preparers are complete with the return it goes to review and then to processing. In conclusion, all these lead to an ultimate goal of improved productivity; have people perform at full potential, and reward workers for performance. Environmental factors are increasing the need for effective leadership in todays organizations. In order to better motivate, guide, and direct employee teams, leaders require specific skills and expertise in behavioral studies to change their environment. Companies that are not prepared to comply with the accelerated requirements will have to determine the capabilities of their current organization structure, systems architecture, internal controls, and closing and reportingShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concept779 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concept When small business owners start the concept of what type of business one would like to own, an array of critical thinking starts and a business owner has to consider questions that will make or break his or her success. Owners, who pay attention to the current rise and fall of stock for his or her chosen business, will have the upper hand against competitors. An owner who knows his or her competitors is a small part in the grand scheme of owning anRead More Organizational Behavior Terminology And Concepts Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding organizational behavior is important for everyone involved in an organization, not just the leadership and management teams. By gaining and understanding this knowledge each employee should be able to realize how their individual actions contribute to the big picture of the company. In order to understand this there are some key concepts and terminology that must be explained to make the learning process more manageable. Organizational Behavior What is organizational behavior? AccordingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper850 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper The following essay will be described the organizational behavior terminology and concepts applied in the organization. The following topics will be presented: Organization culture as internal and external environment of control. Diversity as of individual differences based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, disabilities, and sexual orientation. As the last subject communication as the human skill that helps the organization to work well withRead MoreEssay on Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts1024 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The behavior of employees within any organization is paramount to the success or failure of that organization. The study of organizational behavior is a science with its own vocabulary and terminology. This essay will describe some of the more common key concepts and terminology and relate those to the modern United States Navy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"An organization is, simply, a body of people organized for some specific purpose† (communication, 2005)Read MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts I am not sure who made the term dress for success popular but I believe the term falls short. Anyone can dress up and look great but there is much more to success then dressing the part. While it is important for organizations to have their employees presenting themselves with a professional look and manner, there are also many other concepts within an organization that need to be addressed. Organizational Behavior, as defined in ourRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology And Concepts Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts There are many important factors that are involved and contribute to organizations survival and success. Organizational behavior, culture, diversity, communication, business ethics and change management are some of the key concepts which are essential as I list and explain below with some examples from past experiences. Organizational Behavior Studying the psychological and sociological behaviors of single and groups of individuals in organizationsRead More Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay1022 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Businesses today often promote change to create a better more productive work environment. These changes occasionally produce unwanted results which were not expected or planned for. By monitoring organizational behavior unwanted or negative results can be minimized so change can be effective within an organization. Organizational behavior, organizational culture, diversity, communication, business ethics, and change management are all factorsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay4868 Words   |  20 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Organizational behavior In today’s challenges at work and an organization has become more than just a place where eight hours of a day is spent, but a place where behavior is a major contribution to the success behavior and what it means and the effects on the climate of an organization. of a company. In this paper we will discuss organizational â€Å"Organizational behavior is the study of human behavior in organizations. It is an academic disciplineRead More Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay729 Words   |  3 Pages Organizational Behavior Organizations have been described as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. This definition clearly indicates that organizations are not buildings or pieces of machinery. Organizations are, indeed, people who interact to accomplish shared objectives. The study of organizational behavior (OB) and its affiliated subjects helps us understand what people think, feel and do in organizational settings. For managers and, realistically, all employees, thisRead More Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay example612 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organizational behavior is defined as the study of human behavior in organizations. Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary body of knowledge with strong ties to the behavioral sciences such as psychology, sociology and anthropology as well as to allied sciences. However, the goal of organizational behavior is to integrate the diverse insights of these other disciplines and apply them to real-world problems and opportunities. The ultimate

Essay Alcohol - 626 Words

Alcohol Alcohol has been around for ages, but only relatively recently has become a recognized problem in society. Its negative effects on the body and its impact on the mind has caused the drug to be associated with such crimes as rape, murder, and other violence. Concerns with alcoholism and drunk driving are on the rise, and underage drinking rates are soaring. Whether for the better or for the worse, alcohol is a driving factor in Americas economy and society, which makes it very important that everyone is educated about this drug. Since alcohol is a legal drug, it is one of the most widely used and most accepted drugs available. Whether used for social reasons, as an answer to problems, or as a casual everyday drink, its use is†¦show more content†¦Other teens use drinking as a way to get away from their problems at home or at school and find that when theyre drunk, they can just forget about everything else. Obviously, this drug is very heavily used as well as accepted among not only the adults, but by the teens of todays society and plays a large role in the lives and attitudes of this impressionable age group. The invincibility that many feel towards alcohol, however, may not be such a good thing. While perhaps a few drinks may allow one to feel more socially accepted or detach themselves from a problem, it can cause serious health effects on not only the drinker, but on innocent victims as well. The problems are many and the price is high for those who choose to drink irresponsibly. At the most basic level are the damage that alcohol can do to the liver, causing health problems like Cirrhosis or even cancer later in life. Too much drinking can result in alcohol poisoning, and possibly even death. When alcohol is drank with many prescription or over the counter drugs, the combination can result in various serious health consequences. FAS, or Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, can cause the baby of a drinker to be born with severe physical or mental handic aps, inflicting the innocent baby with terrifying results. Damage can be caused to the mind as well as to the body-- alcoholism is one of Americas major problems. ThisShow MoreRelatedAlcohol : Alcohol And Alcohol Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagestopic for class is alcohol. Alcohol is defined as â€Å"Chemically, a compound characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group; in common usage, a beverage made from fermented fruits, vegetables, or grains and containing ethanol.† (From the book pg GL-1) Ethanol is defined as â€Å"A specific alcohol compound (C2H5OH) formed from the fermentation of dietary carbohydrates and used in a variety of alcoholic beverages.† (From the book pg GL-4) Definition of proof is â€Å"A measure of the alcohol content of a liquid;Read MoreAlcohol And Its Effects On Alcohol1403 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Alcohol has long been a subject of controversy. Long before man understood the indications and contraindications of alcohol there has been laws against this drug. Classifying alcohol as a drug may not be suited for a majority of the population because people like to partake in drinking. Imbibing in alcohol is a tradition in many parts of the country. We use alcohol for celebrations, traditions, socialization and combining food flavors with specific alcohols. Forgetting that too much canRead MoreAlcohol Benefits And Harmfulness : Alcohol995 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol Benefits and Harmfulness According to one of the BBC news, â€Å"A car travelling at high speed driven by a suspected drunk driver has crashed into a crowd of spectators during a university parade in the US state of Oklahoma, killing four people and injuring 44 others, police say.† Drunk driving is that the driver operated a motor vehicle unconsciously on account of excessive ethanol intake and it’s easily to cause an accident. Hence, as a growing number of adults have involved in severely drunkRead MoreAlcohol : Alcohol And Alcohol3289 Words   |  14 PagesEnglish 12 January 28, 2015 Alcohol Issues Alcohol is a drink that has been used differently around the world. Alcohol not only plays a role in religion in the present, it also plays a role in the past. Alcohol has been made with honey and juice for thousands of years. There was a type of alcohol that was made in early China around 7000 B.C. In India, there was alcohol called sura and this was used between 2000 and 3000 B.C. and this beverage was made from condensed rice. Alcohol could also be made fromRead MoreAlcohol At Sporting Events And Alcohol2088 Words   |  9 Pagessporting events and alcohol are intertwined. Social drinking has always been a part of the sporting spectrum, whether at a tailgate party, sports bar, professional stadium or arena, and even at home. Collegiate sporting events are no exception to this popular pastime. However, alcohol is not available at every NCAA sporting event. According to Mitchell (2015), only 25% of FBS colleges allow the sale of alcohol at sporting events. Obviously, the main conc ern for not allowing alcohol at sporting eventsRead MoreAlcohol Abuse And Alcohol Use Disorder Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol Use Disorder, most commonly known as Alcohol Abuse or Alcohol Dependence, is widely known as problem that occurs with individuals who consumes an enormous amount of alcohol on a regular basis often in a single use. The individual is consumed with the thought of drinking most of the time and often feel as though they need it to continue with living their daily lives, even though, they are not really living at all because the enormous amount of alcohol causes a dysfunction for their dailyRead MoreAlcohol : Alcohol And Alcohol3289 Words   |  14 PagesEnglish 12 January 28, 2015 Alcohol Issues Alcohol is a drink that has been used differently around the world. Alcohol not only plays a role in religion in the present, it also plays a role in the past. Alcohol has been made with honey and juice for thousands of years. There was a type of alcohol that was made in early China around 7000 B.C. In India, there was alcohol called sura and this was used between 2000 and 3000 B.C. and this beverage was made from condensed rice. Alcohol could also be made fromRead MoreAlcohol Articles On Alcohol And Alcohol848 Words   |  4 Pages Alcohol articles (CT-1) above alcohol article said about how alcohol made up of and it’s effect. How people become addict with it. Why people using alcohol and how it affects our community. (CT-2) In my opinion I believe the authors of the article were saying that due to the misuse of alcohol teenagers, high school student and college students were dying a lots due to car accident. Author try to said that if reader is alcohol abuse than they should their habitsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages Dependance on alcohol has been around ever since its creation and records of writing existed. From Biblical commandments clearly restricting the drink due to its destructive and addictive nature to the celebrities on tv screens and music devices glorifying the substance, alcohol has always been part of various cultures. Being the number one drug problem in the U.S with over 12 million people reportedly being alcoholics and of those 7 million being binge drinkers between the ages 12-20, it comesRead MoreThe Reaction Of The Alcohols1511 Words   |  7 Pages The alcohols 1-propanol and 2-pentanol were converted into alkyl halides through a certain series of steps. The first step was reflux, and the purpose of reflux is to add energy to the solution and not lose any solution to evaporation. This energy helps initiate the acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction and also promotes rearrangement. The next step was distillation, which functioned to separate liquids based on boiling points. The distillation utilizes boiling points to separate the alkyl halide

Does Source B support the evidence of Source C about the Suffrage campaign Free Essays

During the early 20th century, Women’s battle for equality reached its very peak as their campaign to be granted suffrage became even more passionate and frantic, as. It was around this time that the first real changes started occur; and as with any revolutionary crusade, there was a great deal of controversy surrounding it. It therefore comes as no great surprise that an immense amount of media was published concerning the subject. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Source B support the evidence of Source C about the Suffrage campaign? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was created by people on both sides of the campaign, and so there is a very wide range of the opinions voiced through forms of books, newspaper articles, speeches and in particular propaganda posters. Both these sources depict an extremely disdainful view towards women’s suffrage, however to what extent they support each other in the rest of their views is rather debatable and needs to be considered to a further degree. Although these two sources were written for entirely different purposes, they surprisingly share one of their common principles, sending out an almost identical message on the actions of Suffragettes. Both authors feel that they were behaving in a maniacal manner which was totally unacceptable, and one which would only be used by the most preposterous lunatics. Source C depicts a suffragette protesting [maniacally], in a very emotional posture with greatly exaggerated and unwomanly actions. The viewer immediately feels contempt towards her, seeing her as nothing but a [nuisance]. This feeling is then enhanced by the label underneath- ‘The Shrieking Sister’. This is implying that the suffragette is very mentally unstable, to the extent of hysteria. Also, by ‘Sister’ it is associating her into an [organization], as part of a brethren which we are led to believe are all like this. This immediately lowers all suffragette campaigners, making their cause worthless. Source B is portraying a very similar [feeling], labeling the protests as a ‘shrill cry’. The word shrill here implies how they are [hysterical], irrational and desperate. It’s purpose, similar to that of Source C’s is to demote them and point out how ridiculous their actions are. Another way in which the two sources are [linked/similar] is in the way they dehumanize women suffrage campaigners. Source B does this simply by the title of the book- â€Å"Women or Suffragette†. This suggests that a woman could only be one or the other, and that should they be a suffragette they are letting go of an femininity. Even by just reading the title of the book, the public feel forced into making a decision between the two sides- between being a respected, charming woman or being an indistinguishable/undefinable monstrosity. Source C uses similar tactics in putting this point across, using the label and the drawing of the Suffragette behaving in an animalistic way to highlight the beastiality and violence of the woman. Text is used to great advantage by both Corelli and Partridge to make their views [noticed], and both use fonting techniques to capture the readers attention, Partridge using a larger, bolder, more noticeable font and Corelli simply putting it in italics to stress the importance of that view. This results in the viewer being able to interpret their main [points] even at a glance, which increases the liklihood of success of their work. (Success being that people begin to reflect on the situation through the view of the authors). Whilst the Sources may support each other in their fundamental [reasons], they differ quite a bit in the rest of their views. One of the biggest ways in which their opinions vary is on the whole suffrage campaign. Source B is quite clearly against the whole cause, as Corelli does not differentiate between Suffragists and Suffragattes whilst she is slandering female campaigners, and simply generalizes them together. On the other hand, Source C makes it clear that they have no [issues] whatsoever with Suffragists. In the portrait, the Suffragists is represented as calm, mature and is standing very upright and [sensibly]. She is making no radical actions, and appears to be heavily critizing the [actions] of the Suffragette. In the caption, she is even labelled as the ‘Sensible Woman’. This implies that Partridge is by no means against the cause, and that if campaigners behave in appropriate and [sensible] manners then he is perfectly happy to listen to their cause, and that he is simply refusing to tolerate the violence of Suffragettes. However, this view is not very clearly shown by the poster, and it left to the viewer to interpret it themselves. In general, Source C is only commenting on the tactics used in the campaign, not the reasoning behind the campaign. Source B is completely different to this, and it is full of critism of Women for demanding suffrage. Corelli clams that ‘Women were and are destined to make voters rather than to be voters themselves’. By the comment, she is stating that she feels that the situation is never going to change, and that women should just stay in the Private Sphere where they are expected to be. She feels that women are not capable of voting, and that the injustices they suffer should be stopped through other means. Corelli suggests that the lack of equality it women’s own fault, saying that it is a result of ‘the way in which mothers have reared their sons’. This is saying that if Women want to change the way in which they are treated in society, they must do it by giving their sons, the generation which will shape the future as they become adults, a more [morally intact] view of women. Whereas contrary to this belief of it being due to women’s own mistakes that society is so obvlivious to their rights, Source C suggests that it is due to Suffragettes that the campaign is still failing, as is exampled by the Suffragists commenting that Suffragettes were the cause’s ‘worst enemy’. In conclusion, I feel that Source B does support a great deal of the evidence in Source C- that about the campaigning techniques of Suffragettes; however it can vary a great deal in other views and in some ways they even contradict each other, such as with the opinion of who was to blame for the great sexism of the time. In general, I feel that although the views of the two sources are in places identical, this is just a coincidence, as they are for different reasons. This is most likely due to the fact that the original media had different purposes. Source B was from a book which was very clearly anti-women’s suffrage. Anyone who would be reading the book would clearly already be leaning towards these views, and Corelli was simply trying to persuade them more, or share her opinions with them. Partridge was using his poster to appeal to Suffragettes, and to the public, to try and make them realize that violent, militant campaigning was not helping the cause, and making the whole thing seem just rants of hysterical, moronic women. By acting like animals with ‘shrieking’ and ‘shrill cries’, they bring a bad reputation to all women, and simply give support to the claims that women were ’emotionally weak’. The one thing which they most storngly support each other in is in blaming Suffragettes for the level of disfain the public have towards Women’s Suffrage, and it is this solely which links the too. How to cite Does Source B support the evidence of Source C about the Suffrage campaign?, Papers

Lean Manufacturing and Service Delivery-Myassignementhelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Lean Manufacturing and Service Delivery Philosophy. Answer: Introduction Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy has been adopted and implemented in many different and diverse business sectors. Business organizations are accompanied with various process systems which are designed with a view to achieve set objectives and goals in determined approach. This report consists of lean manufacturing and services which are adopted in an organization with a view to increase the overall production level, efficiencies of business by reducing the overall cost involved in the business process. The Lean manufacturing and service delivery is a way to take efficient decision in business organizations which reduce the overall cost of productions and increase the effectiveness of business functioning (Zhang Polychronakis, 2012). This report provides study on the Lean manufacturing and service delivery and its rational, evaluation and future in reducing the overall cost of productions in the business functioning. Wesfarmers has been taken with a view to determin e the use of Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in the business functioning and reducing the wastage and unnecessary cost included in value chain activities of organizations. This report is divided into various parts which are used to reflect the core aspects of Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in the value chain activities of Wesfarmers. After that, key focus has been made on drawing critical analysis on how Wesfarmers could use Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy to reduce the overall cost of process design which can be beneficial for the organizations not only in reducing cost but as well as in improving clients service level. However, this Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is used by large multinational organizations with a view to increase their production level and efficiency of their business. This Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is firstly developed by Toyota Company by implementing this pro cess system in its business process to improve the existing value chain activities and efficiency of business (Bhasin, 2015). Brief description of Organization Wesfarmers Ltd is an international retail business organization of supermarket industry which has been providing products and services to clients for their better satisfactions. It is considered that being a conglomerate company in Australia Company has been delivering chemicals, fertilisers, coal mining and industrial and safety products. The CEO of company is Richard Goyder. The employees strength of Wesfarmers Ltd is 2, 20,000 who made their efforts to earn revenue of AUD $ 65.89 billion in 2016. In addition to this, Wesfarmers plc has total assets of 40.78billion which is deployed in the business functioning of organizations. For any enterprising firm, the competitive advantage may stem from any of the host function it performs. Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy could be used by Wesfarmers Ltd to create core competency in its business functioning. In other words, each of these functions is the sources of generating this much desired and valued competitive advanta ge and edge over others in the industry. Wesfarmers has indulged in creating core competency by reducing overall cost of capital and increasing the overall production of organizations. Critical evaluation of Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in Wesfarmers Ltd It is evaluated that Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is an essential process system which is used by organizations to reduce the complexity in the business and reducing the business burden in determined approach. After evaluating the process system of Wesfarmers ltd it is observed that organization is more inclined towards speeding up the production cycle of organizations and by removing the waste form the system and simplifying the method of value chain activities. Wesfarmers production system is divided into two parts starting with buying products from the manufacturers and second is related to providing services and goods to clients in the market through its supermarket chain (Stevenson, 2009). However, there are several drawbacks and waste the value chain activities which are faced by organization in its production process such as over waste, waiting, transportation, inventory, motion and over- processing, defective units. Therefore, Lean manufacturing and serv ice delivery philosophy helps organizations to eliminate these forms of waste and over- processing, defective units (Andrs-Lpez, Gonzlez-Requena, and Sanz-Lobera, 2015). However, in order to achieve Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in value chain activities, Wesfarmers Ltd has to perform these following activities (Gattorna, 2015). Reduce the set up timeframe for particular action plan: Wesfarmers Ltd has to reduce the time involved in its inbound and outbound activities. Company could use charts, training development program and other set procedure. These set procedures are implemented with a view to reduce the wastage time and eliminate the set up times in particular functions of organizations (Jones, Comfort and Hillier, 2014). Elimination of small lot of production Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy helps organizations to eliminate these forms of waste and over- processing, defective units. It will help organizations to avoid small level of production and increase the speed of machinery, larger inventories and high lead times and reducing the possible cost involved (Waters, 2013). Employee involvement and Empowerment Wesfarmers Ltd needs to arrange its workers in set teams and line manager would be appointed in each and every team department to perform specialized tasks. After that, as per the Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy a proper mechanism will be performed with a view to eliminate the possible cost and time involved in particular working system (Albino et al. 2016). Quality at the source Wesfarmers Ltd has to mitigate all of defects and problems immediately with a view to increase the overall quality of products and services offered by it in the market. It is evaluated that company should consider the quality of products if it wants to follow effective level of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in its business process system (Bhamu and Singh Sangwan, 2014). Equipment maintenance Wesfarmers Plc has to hire some of the qualified employees who could handle equipment and machineries of the organizations when they get break down. It is evaluated that if company hire experienced employees who could solve the primary problems and machinery break down own their own, its production capabilities will increase (Fullerton, Kennedy and Widener, 2014) Management of inventories It is evaluated that for the efficient level of business functioning, company has to maintain minimum level of holding stocks and lead times to provide quality of goods and services to clients. Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy will eliminate the excess level of blockage of stocks and increase the overall production level of business (Dora, et al. 2013). Suppliers involvement Wesfarmers Ltd need to indulge in the integration of strategic alliance with the suppliers with other organizations to establish effective level of supply chain. This chain will help organizations to maintain minimum level of stocks and consistent supply of raw material as whenever required (Sassanelli, et al. 2015).. Other acts and procedure There are following acts and procedure which could be used by organizations while adopting Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy to increase to improve its business performance on domestic and international market such as elimination of waste, minimization of inventory level, create continuous improvement culture, pull production from customer demand, meet customer requirement and maximum the production flow by adopting new machineries and plants. In addition to this, company could also enter into strategic alliance with other partners if proper Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is adopted in its value chain activities (Hines et al., 1998). Barriers to adopt lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in organizations It is evaluated that implementation of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy could be a long process and; therefore, employees and management department of organizations needs to have proper level of time and liberty to adapt with new process system. However, at the time of implementing new lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in organization, changes are needed to be incorporated in the process system and production of goods and services of organizations. These changes and shortcoming encountered during implementation of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy could be described as barriers to adopt lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy. It could be argued that even with high setup cost lean production can still be highly beneficial for the organizations. Wesfarmers Plc could not only reduce the cost of production but also reduce the overall cost of capital involved in its business functioning by following lean manufacturing and ser vice delivery philosophy in process system. On the other hand, other barriers could be identified in Wesfarmerss organization barriers. Organizational culture is the shared habits, behavior, beliefs, mission, norms and symbols of employees working in organizations. There would be problem of culture change which consists of changes in values, belief, norms and perception of employees. If lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is adopted in the organization then it will surely increase complexity and reduce the production process system of Wesfarmers Ltd for some period of time. These hurdles occur due to the rigidness of employees with the new changes and newly developed process system in organizations. Therefore, by the use of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy, the company could reduce different types of wastes and achieve high quality, sustainability, profitability and competitiveness by reducing the overhead cost and unit production costs. This lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy would improve the customer loyalty. It is the most critical part to improve the business either on domestic or international level (Lian, and Van Landeghem, 2007). Competition is a universal social process that exists in all types of societys either civilized or uncivilized. Wesfarmers could use this lean manufacturing and service delivery Philosophy in its business functioning by making changes in its existing value chain activities. However, these changes would result into better satisfaction of clients in buying products and service or goods offered by the organizations (Dickson, et al. 2009). In addition to this, Wesfarmers could also develop competitive advantage in its process system by reducing overall cost and improving quality of products and services in market. Competitive is a superiority that gives an organization an edge over its rivals and ability to generate greater value for the firm and its shareholders. It occurs when an organization acquires or develops an attribute or combination of attributes that allows it to outperform its competitors. Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy helps Wesfarmers to identify the was tage and productive process which are consuming time and capital of money and generating no amount of profit. Therefore, by adopting these lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy, company could eliminate all the possible charges and unnecessary cost. This lean manufacturing system will be helpful in determining to what extent company could reduce its overall cost of productions and time involved in production of particular level of units (Rahani and Al-Ashraf, 2012). The study suggested that a further research is necessary on the implementation of competitive advantages strategies. Since this research only considered the extent it is used by Wesfarmers Ltd and the factors influencing it. The study is over that marketing strategy, networks effects, strong research and development capabilities, cost leadership and redefining customer value to reduce the overall cost of productions of organizations. It was also over that being a low cost provider, user of technology, support of structure risk, service offered, an embedded customer base and innovation have at least more than moderate influence in the competitive advantage in development of effectiveness of business functioning. Technology is a major factor in competitive advantage with the industrial revolution. At the first, technology included industrial machinery, transportation technology, energy, and office equipment and consumer products. In the 20th century information technology and biotechnology emerged as major factors for the organization for reducing the wastage and by products from the business functions of organizations (Ruiz-de-Arbulo-Lopez, Fortuny-Santos and Cuatrecasas-Arbs, 2013). Creation of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in business process of Wesfarmers Ltd There are following process which could be implemented in order to create lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in the business organizations system of organizations. Using of own highly developed technology and plans in the value chain activities of organizations. Wesfarmers Ltd could increase the production level by drawing the high level of products and services demand in the market. This could be done by implementing effective marketing strategies. Using good level of inputs and goods which provides low level of wastage and by products from the value chain activities (Yuan Polychronakis, 2012). Hiring of new employees and keep the standard level of goods and service. Implementation of proper strategic plans and procedure for mitigating the negative outcomes which occurred in past years of organizations. Benefits of implementing of lean manufacturing Benefits of implementing of lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in process system (Bhasin and Burcher, 2006). It helps Wesfarmers to remove all kind of duplication and waste in the business functioning of organization. Centralization in strategies decisions making process and reduce the complexity in business process. It helps Wesfarmers Ltd to maintain, retain, increase production level of organizations and lower down the overall cost of production of organizations. Reduction in wastage and by products of company. Good clients and customer relation management. Increment in the customers satisfaction level (Polychronakis, 2007). Recommendation on how waste and by products of Wesfarmers has been managed by company. The value chain activities of organization are an arranged procedure to examine the development of competitive advantage in Wesfarmers Ltd. This helps organization to covert its raw material into finished goods to provide goods and services to clients. If Wesfarmers Ltd could adopt Lean manufacturing and service delivery Philosophy in its inbound logistics (Savino, Mazza and Marchetti, 2014). Inbound logistics Wesfarmers receives goods from the other suppliers and sell these goods to clients through its supermarket channels in market. Company could reduce wastage and by products by using effective level of vendor supply chain. It helps Wesfarmers Ltd to reduce the overall cost involved in capital blockage in minimum level of stock turnover in the market. These costs could also be reduced by Wesfarmers by entering into strategic alliance and management integration relationship vendors. This will reduce the stock turnover ratio of company and ultimately result to low level of cost of productions (Lindsay, et al. 2014). Operations This is the arrangement process in which raw material are manufactured and assembled in the process system of Wesfarmers Ltd. Therefore, implementation of Lean manufacturing and service delivery Philosophy will reduce the waste and by products of process system while delivering goods and services to clients (Martin e al., 2010). Outbound logistics These are the services which are delivered by organization to its clients after completion of process activities. In order to build outbound logistic expenses, Wesfarmers Ltd could use loyalty card, use of electronic payment mode, open products and service choice. In addition to this, Wesfarmers Ltd have also used online portals and enterprises resources planning to reduce the complexity and time involved in supplying goods and services to clients (Piercy, and Rich, 2009). Marketing and sales Wesfarmers has adopted new Lean manufacturing and service delivery Philosophy in its business functioning which has resulted to establishment of strong marketing communication channel. It consists of using loyalty card and direct communication methods to promote its goods and service either in domestic and international market (Zirar, Radnor and Charlwood, 2015). Service It is evaluated that Wesfarmers Ltd has increased its business efficiency by adopting standardized process system in all over the world. It has adopted enterprises resources planning to implement all of its inbound and outbound activities (Ranjan, 2016). Support process activities to minimize cost of production of organization Procurement Procurement system of Wesfarmers should be handled in systematic manner to avoid possible level of duplication and waste. It is essential to enter into business transactions which have low level of cost and high quality of products. In addition to this, company has adopted enterprises resources planning to reduce the paper work cost, communication cost and time involved in lengthy process (Singh and Vinodh, 2017). Human resource management Wesfarmers Ltd has been following four ways techniques to reduce its employee turnover and maintain an effective level of business process such as selection, recruitment, development, training and maintenance of employees (Rahman, Hoque and Uddin, 2014). Establishment of process system to determine the danger level signals Management department of Wesfarmers Ltd has set up new system in which concerned employee will raise the signal in following cases such as defects in units supplies, overproduction, overcrossing, problems in transportation and handling, errors in process system and design fellows. This type of process system in Wesfarmers will provide proactive measure to deal with the problems and drawbacks of process system of organization (Leyer and Moormann, 2014). Conclusion Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy is the best strategic plans which is sued by multinational companies to reduce the overall cost of production and time involved in business process system. It can be beneficial for the organizations not only in reducing cost but as well in improving clients service level. Wesfarmers Ltd use this lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in its value chain activities with a view to reduce its overall cost of production and time involved in the same. It is clear to identify that lean manufacturing not only identify the drawbacks of process system of organizations but also provide a clear idea about how these problems could be mitigated. Now in the end, it would be inferred that proper level of strategic plan for implementing Lean manufacturing and service delivery philosophy in the business organization will surely reduce the overall cost of production of organization. References Albino, P.G., dos Santos Portugal, N., Rodrigues, T.Z., Reis, O.H.B. and Jnior, P.D.S.P., 2016. Lean manufacturing: a case of the factors influencing the failure in the introduction in an automotive industry.Journal of Lean Systems,2(1), pp.02-13. Andrs-Lpez, E., Gonzlez-Requena, I. and Sanz-Lobera, A., 2015. 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